The Democratic-controlled US House of Representatives has voted to end a partial government shutdown, but the move looks certain to be vetoed by President Donald Trump.
Mr Trump has said he will reject any measure that does not provide funding for his proposed US-Mexico border wall.
New House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, who will resume negotiations with Mr Trump on Friday, branded the wall immoral.
The new Congress is considered the most diverse in history.
The bills passed by the House of Representatives would fund homeland security operations, including $1.3bn in border security, until 8 February, and fund several other agencies until September.
However, it requires Senate approval, and sign off from the president, in order to become law.
Republicans currently have a majority in the Senate, and majority leader Mitch McConnell has said Republicans there would not back measures that Mr Trump did not support.
Mr McConnell called the Democrats’ move a “total nonstarter” and a “political sideshow”.
However, Democrats argue that the bills are nearly identical to ones passed by the Senate last month, before Mr Trump insisted wall funding must be included.
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Nancy Pelosi, a Democrat from California, was elected as Speaker of the House for a second time – becoming the third most powerful politician in the US.
She previously led the House from 2007-11 – and remains the only female to hold the position.
She invited the children and grandchildren of House Representatives to join her as she was sworn in, saying: “I’m particularly proud to be a woman Speaker of the House of this Congress, which marks the 100th year of women having the right to vote.”
Later, she told reporters: “We’re not doing a wall… a wall is an immorality between countries. It’s an old way of thinking. It isn’t cost effective.”
She added that spending money on “more infrastructure at the ports of entry” and better technology would be more efficient.
What is new about this Congress?
As of Thursday, 102 women serve in the 435-seat House, an all-time high, including 36 newly elected members and a record 43 women of colour.
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While Republican women marked some firsts this past election season, like Marsha Blackburn becoming the first female Tennessee senator, the vast majority of these new lawmakers are Democrats.
They include:
- The first Muslim congresswomen – Michigan’s Rashida Tlaib, who took her oath on the Koran, and Minnesota’s Ilhan Omar, who became the first person to wear a hijab in Congress
- The first Native American congresswomen – New Mexico’s Debra Haaland and Kansas’ Sharice Davids
- New York’s Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, 29, the youngest woman to be elected to Congress
Carol Miller of West Virginia is the only new female Republican representative, bringing the total number of conservative women in the House to 13 – a decrease from 23 before the mid-term elections.
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How has the shutdown come about?
The partial US government shutdown began when Congress and Mr Trump failed to reach an agreement over a budget bill in December.
The Republicans had passed an initial funding bill including $5bn (£4bn) for the wall, when they still had a majority in the House, but they could not get the necessary 60 votes in the 100-seat Senate.
Democrats won the majority of the House in the November mid-term elections, and the new representatives were sworn in on Thursday.
“We’re asking the president to open up government,” Ms Pelosi told the Today show before the first session of the new House. “We have given the Republicans a chance to take yes for an answer.”
Which side will blink first?
The president is due to resume budget talks with top Democrats and Republicans on Friday morning.
The White House says it is again floating the idea of a deal for ‘Dreamers’ – immigrants who illegally entered the US as children.
Democrats want to ensure that these individuals are shielded from deportation, but have insisted that they will not support a deal over wall funding.
Vice-President Mike Pence told Fox News the deal was being “talked about”, but that Mr Trump would no deal was possible “without a wall”.
Meanwhile, some vulnerable Republican senators up for re-election in 2020 have spoken out in favour of approving the budget bills to end the government shutdown.
Senator Cory Gardner of Colorado was the first to do so, telling The Hill on Thursday that Congress should reopen the government and let wall negotiations continue afterwards.
Maine Senator Susan Collins echoed this view, suggesting the president should sign the agreed upon spending bills first so federal employees could get back to work, Politico reported.
What about all the impeachment talk?
Some Democrats have stepped up calls to bring charges against the president to remove him from office, which is known as impeachment.
But on Thursday, Ms Pelosi tamped down calls to take such a move against Mr Trump. The House speaker said they must “wait and see” what happens with special counsel Robert Mueller’s inquiry into Russia’s alleged meddling in the 2016 US election.
But more hardline members of her caucus are clamouring for action.
After being sworn in on Thursday, Ms Tlaib used an expletive to describe the president while vowing to impeach him.
On Friday, the Republican president said on Twitter that Democrats only want to remove him from office because he is “the most successful”.
What does the partial shutdown mean?
- About 25% of the US federal government has no funding
- Nine departments have been affected, including Homeland Security, Justice, Housing, Agriculture, Commerce, Interior, and the Treasury
- Around 800,000 federal workers are now furloughed – that is, temporarily laid off due to a lack of funding – or working without pay
- Native American tribes who receive substantial federal funding are struggling
- National Parks have become hazardous without staff
#ShutdownStories: The impact of the government shutdown
More women than ever before won seats in Congress in the 2018 mid-terms.